Polarisation Effects in Surface and Volume Scattering

In this paper we review recent developments in scattering theory related to applications involving polarised electromagnetic waves. We concentrate on applications in random media where second and higher order moments of the scattered field are important. We split the discussion into surface and volume scattering effects and consider each separately. However, we employ a unified approach based on the construction of an 8x8 scattering coherency matrix, encompassiing current applications in Polarimetry and Polarimetric Interferometry. We then use this matrix as a template to explore the limitations of currently used scattering theories and highlight areas for possible future study.